Hastelloy material is increasingly being used in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and oil and gas industries. This article will go over Hastelloy’s properties, applications, and grades.
What is Hastelloy?
Hastelloy is a highly corrosive and corrosion-resistant nickel alloy that is widely used in highly corrosive chemicals and acids. The addition of chromium and molybdenum improves its resistance to high temperatures and corrosion. Because Hastelloy metal is ductile, it can be easily formed.
Hastelloy is created by combining raw elements while they are hot and liquid. Hastelloy material contains 1% to 25% chromium, 5% to 30% molybdenum, 0% to 30% iron, and the balance nickel. Other elements such as carbon, tungsten, vanadium, and titanium are occasionally added.
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Composition of Hastelloy
Hastelloy is a Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy with high strength, corrosion resistance, and formability. It contains 60-70% Nickel, 20-30% Chromium, 1.5-3% Molybdenum and small amounts of other metals such as Iron, Carbon, Tungsten and Cobalt depending on composition type.
Properties of Hastelloy
Though the properties of Hastelloy vary depending on the grade, they usually include the following:
- Outstanding corrosion resistance
- Density8.89 g/cm3
- Melting temperature: 1323-13710 C
- Tensile strength ranges from 690 to 783 MPa.
- Excellent weldability
- High resistance to oxidizing and acidic agents
Uses of Hastelloy
Hastelloy is the best material to use in environments that are moderate to severely corrosive because of its exceptional corrosion resistance. In the chemical and petrochemical industries, Hastelloy pipes, exchangers, pressure vessels, and valves are quite common. In the chemical and nuclear industries, this metal is also used in reactor vessels. Hastelloy is also used in the following industries:
- Geothermal
- Mining
- Solar Power
- Biomass
- Sea-Water
- Petrochemical
- LNG
- Aerospace
- Water Desalination
- Paper and Pulp, etc
Types of Hastelloy
There are different grades of Hastelloy depending on the chemical composition of the material. Hastelloy metal grades that are commonly used are:
B-Type Alloys
Nickel and molybdenum are abundant in Hastelloy B-type superalloys. Hastelloy B is known for its ability to withstand extreme reducing environments. Some examples of B-type Hastelloy materials are:
B-2 Alloy (UNS N10665):
The nickel content of B-2 Hastelloy is 65% and the molybdenum content is 30%. Carbon, iron, silicon, chromium, cobalt, manganese, and sulfur are also present in trace amounts. B-grade alloy has excellent corrosion resistance to hydrochloric acids but is ineffective against oxidizing agents.
B-3 Alloys (UNS N10675):
This alloy is more resistant to pitting corrosion and has better thermal stability than B-2 alloys. B-3 alloys are composed of 65% nickel and 30% molybdenum, with traces of chromium, cobalt, and manganese.
C-Type Alloys
This grade of Hastelloy has a high percentage of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. Chromium improves high-temperature properties as well as resistance to reducing environments. Hastelloy C grades can be used in both cold and hot conditions. C+ grade The most common Hastelloy material is Hastelloy metal. The following are examples of C-type Hastelloy materials:
C-4 Hastelloy (UNS N06455):
Type C-4 Hastelloy is composed of 60% nickel, 18% chromium, 16% molybdenum, 3% iron, 2% cobalt, and the remainder of silicon, carbon, sulfur, titanium, and other elements. It is ductile and corrosion-resistant.
Hastelloy C-22 (UNS N06022):
C-22 Hastelloy is composed of 58% nickel, 20% chromium, 13% molybdenum, 3.5% tungsten, 2.5% cobalt, and other elements in trace amounts. C-22 Hastelloy is the most commonly used alloy for pharmaceutical reaction vessels and desulfurization systems due to its weldability.
Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276):
This Hastelloy grade is used in the petrochemical industry. It is composed of 59% nickel, 16% molybdenum, 15% chromium, 4% tungsten, and trace elements. It is resistant to oxidizing agents, pitting, stress corrosion cracking, and intergranular corrosion.
G -Type Alloys
TIG, SAW, SMAW, and G-type welding is all possible. One of the alloying elements in Hastelloy materials is tungsten. This group’s main alloys are:
Hastelloy G-3 (UNS N06985):
The main components of this superalloy are nickel, chromium, tungsten, iron, molybdenum, and cobalt.
Hastelloy G-30 (UNS N06030):
It is made up of 43% nickel, 30% chromium, 15% iron, 5% cobalt, 4% tungsten, 1.5% manganese, and trace elements.
X-Type Alloys
UNS N06002 Hastelloy X alloy:
It has excellent oxidation resistance, high-temperature strength, and resistance to SCC. Hastelloy X is composed of 44% nickel, 23% chromium, 20% iron, 10% molybdenum, 1% manganese and silicon, and trace amounts of other elements. They are cold-workable and weldable. This type of Hastelloy alloy is used in industrial furnaces and gas turbines.
Hastelloy N (UNS N10003):
Hastelloy N is composed of 71% nickel, 16% molybdenum, 7% chromium, 5% iron, 1% silicon, and trace amounts of other elements. Hastelloy N is used in industrial applications such as chemical process equipment due to its higher temperature oxidation resistance properties.
Conclusion:
Hastelloy alloy is a high-performance material that has superior corrosion resistance properties and can be used for industrial application in extreme temperatures. This alloy is also highly durable with excellent formability and weldability, making it extremely versatile in terms of applications. It is also available in various alloy types including C276, B2, X, C22, G30 India, and many more to match specific needs and qualifications. With its impressive electrical resistivity along with affinity towards other metals, Hastelloy alloy stands as one of the best materials to be used for extreme outdoor conditions. This article has highlighted some of the key features and characteristics of this incredible alloy – enabling readers to gain a comprehensive understanding about the vast possibilities that it brings to the global industrial sector.
